Miss chance

Several effects each provide a chance (tested by a d100 roll) that a physical attack (melee/ranged) will miss. While each miss chance is actually tested separately, you can calculate a total effective miss chance to help evaluate your squishyness. The following game mechanics grant you a miss chance:
 * Dodge bonus
 * Incorporeality
 * Concealment
 * Missile Deflection

Your miss chance is always checked in order of Dodge, then Incorporeal, then finally Concealment.

Note: Concealment and incorporeality have reduced effect on reaper difficulty. This reduction scales with number of skulls. See math.

Other sources of physical damage mitigation
For other ways to increase your survivability versus physical attacks, see:
 * Armor class
 * Damage Reduction
 * Physical Resistance Rating
 * Hit points
 * Fortification

In general, trying to increase any one damage mitigation factor (e.g., extreme AC or hit points) at the expense of the others is unwise, try to increase all damage mitigation factors.

Total effective miss chance
For PCs a common source of Concealment can be the Displacement spell, a Blur effect, or blindness inflicted on the target. An Incorporeal effect can come from an item with the Ghostly property or from some Class Enhancements and Epic Destinies.

The formula for calculating the total effective miss chance is:

D = (100-Dodge)/100

C = (100-Concealment)/100

I = (100-Incorporeal)/100

∴ Miss chance % = (1-(D*C*I))*100

Table
This table shows the total effective miss chance for combinations of Dodge, Concealment & Incorporeal.


 * Dodge
 * in 5% increments up to 25%
 * Concealment
 * Dusk - 10%
 * Blurry, vision obscuring Cloud spells, etc - 20%
 * Lesser Displacement - 25%
 * Displacement, Shadow Walk or Blindness - 50%
 * Incorporeality
 * Ghostly - 10%
 * Shadow Veil - 25%
 * Shadow Form - 25%
 * Shroud of the Wraith - 10%
 * Shroud of the Wraith + Undead Augmentation: Ghost in the Wind - 20%
 * Ghostly Essence - 25%